The circling MDA on an individual IAP applies to which type of approaches?

The circling Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) specified in an Individual Approach Procedure (IAP) is specifically applied to non-precision approaches. This altitude represents the lowest altitude to which a pilot can descend in visual conditions while maneuvering to land at a site that has no specific precision approach guidance (like an Instrument Landing System). In non-precision approaches, the pilot must visually acquire the runway or approach path before descending below this altitude, which is critical for safe operations.

In contrast, precision approaches, which utilize systems like the ILS, provide a more accurate vertical and lateral guidance that does not require circling maneuvers, as the final descent can be executed with greater precision. Therefore, the circling MDA is not applicable to those types of approaches.

Other options, while suggesting different approach types, do not correctly reflect the specific use of circling MDA, which is uniquely associated with non-precision approaches.